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	System Change will not be Negotiated by Nnimmo Bassey International Social Sciences Council, agencies Nigeria   We frequently hear calls for system change, at public mobilisations, in conference halls and even in negotiation halls. The calls come as slogans, they come in anger and they come as a strong rebuke to the systemic scaffold on which our pains, our exploitation and the denial of our voices and rights are hung.   The necessity of system change is inescapable. The present system is dependent on the extreme exploitation and enslavement of nature and labour, built around an inherently unjust core. We are in the dying days of a civilisation driven by fossil fuels. This end is not coming merely because of the recorded and predicted severe species extinction, or by peak oil. Its end is being heralded by a looming climatic catastrophe and by the reawakening of social forces realising that slavery persists as long as the enslaved is unaware of his state.   As Oilwatch International highlight, there are: ‘similarities in the current pattern of resource exploitation in countries of the Global South, and affected peoples in the rest of the world which reflects historical legacy of disempowerment of peoples, plunder of natural resources and destruction of environment, and [Oilwatch] considers the recognition of the right of peoples to self-determination and cultural integrity as primary in the resolution of environmental problems.’   Our urgent task is to reclaim the future, and this will not be attainable if the current system persists.   Green Capitalism   Green was once a colour. Today it has turned into a silencing code that lulls us into accepting that Nature cannot be protected unless financial value is placed on her. The Rio + 20 summit served as a platform for the elevation of the concept of Green Economy as a major plank for global environmental governance, especially with regard to climate change. ‘Green Economy’ permits the financialization of everything, through a plethora of instruments such as those intended to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD, REDD plus), emissions trading schemes (ETS), clean development mechanisms (CDM) and the like.   Green economy is a neo-liberal idea that hoists the financialization of Nature and carbon offsetting as ideal tools for nature protection. It has been cooked up to entrench current capitalist production modes and power relations where might is right. Poor, vulnerable and cash-strapped nations that contribute little or nothing to global warming see the trickles that drop into their empty bowls from market mechanisms, while their citizens are displaced from their territories, forced to bear a disproportionate level of real climate actions. With climate change neatly ‘boxed’ as a matter of means of handling carbon emissions, the world conveniently ignores the root cause of the crises: the origins of those emissions.   This entrenched situation is neo-colonial and imperialist. It upturns every notion of justice, including the common but differentiated responsibilities anchor of pre-2011 climate negotiations.   A just climate regime ought not to scratch for funds to tackle the emergencies already throwing up climate refugees. A clear solution for climate finance can be found in the Peoples Agreement, which demands that countries cut their emissions by at least 50% at source between 2013 and 2017, without recourse to offsets and other carbon trading schemes, and that developed countries commit 6% of their GDP to finance adaptation and mitigation needs. The payment of climate debt is not seen as a mere demand for reparations, but as a means of decolonising the atmospheric space and redistributing what meagre space or carbon budget is left. It is a means towards obligating humans to take actions to restore disrupted natural cycles of Nature.   Climate change negotiations offer us a clear lens to see that market environmentalism approaches are merely means of escape from responsibility and measureable action. A look at the Paris Agreement reached at COP21 reveals that the major cause of global warming – fossil fuels utilisation in production and transportation – is not recognised in the process of tackling global warming.   The notion that any carbon, emitted anywhere, can be offset by carbon absorbed anywhere else has given rise to the concept of net emissions, offering polluting nations the ultimate escape hatch through which to retain their levels of pollution and consumption, while grabbing lands, forests and waters elsewhere to compensate.   It is now well known that at least 80% of currently known fossil fuels reserves must be left untapped and unburned to keep temperature increases to below 2°C. What’s troubling is that not only is this not being discussed at climate negotiations, but that new reserves are being sought, and extraction methods are being intensified. A clear throwback to fiddling while the city burns.   The fact that fossil fuels are not renewable does not deter the fossil addicts. In order to remove the cloud of dust (and doubt) over fossil fixations, the industry came up with the term clean coal, and the notions that carbon pollution can be tackled through carbon capture and storage or sequestration, or through types of geo-engineering. These unproven technologies are all ways of resisting the need for change and ensuring business as usual. The best possible outcome would be to postpone the evil day and build an uncertain future for our children. Unfortunately, that day cannot be postponed much longer.   Centrality of Nature   The call for system change is a call to a common-sense path that would secure the survival of the human race. It is also a call for humans to recognise their humanity as just one of the species on planet earth. Studies and observations have shown that species stand better chances of survival when they cooperate, live and work in solidarity rather than in competition; when we build bridges and not walls, when we give up some space and allow others to breathe.   The Earth speaks. The sky speaks. The trees speak. All of Nature speaks. Communication is a vital tool for survival. Let us take one example of how certain trees in the African savannah communicate in order to avoid having their leaves eaten up. Researchers found that when giraffes start to eat the leaves of umbrella thorn acacias, the trees release some toxic substances that offends the taste buds of the giraffes. That was a direct defence line. The researchers noticed that the giraffes would then skip the next umbrella thorn acacia trees, and move by about 100 metres before resuming their dinner.   Why did they move over such a distance before resuming their feast? This is the explanation (Wohlleben, 2016):   “The acacia trees that were being eaten gave off warning gas (specifically, ethylene) that signalled to neighbouring trees of the same species that a crisis was at hand. Right away, all the forewarned trees also pumped toxins into their leaves to prepare themselves. The giraffes were wise to this game and therefore moved farther away to a part of the savannah where they could find trees that were oblivious to what was going on.”   Trees communicate by a variety of other ways, including through their roots systems, affirming metaphorically that indeed, it takes roots to weather the storm.   Re-Source Democracy   We speak of the gifts of Nature as re-sources. Yes, re-sources, intentionally hyphenated because we are speaking not of commodities, but of the vital need for humans to return to the source, to reconnect to Nature, to think of the source before lifting the chisel, hammer, shovel, drill or rig.   Re-source democracy is a call for the recognition of the rights of Nature, including her right to regenerate and maintain her cycles. It is built on a clear understanding of the uses and intrinsic values of the gifts of Nature. Re-source democracy demands the interrogation of the meaning of progress and development, to help us draw the line between what we can accept or reject in our environment. Navdanya further gives clarity to this idea:   ‘We need a new paradigm to respond to the fragmentation caused by various forms of fundamentalism. We need a new movement, which allows us to move from the dominant and pervasive culture of violence, destruction and death to a culture of non-violence, creative peace and life…the Earth democracy movement…provides an alternative worldview in which humans are embedded in the Earth Family, we are connected to each other through love, compassion, not hatred and violence and ecological responsibility and economic justice replaces greed, consumerism and competition as objectives of human life.’   Convergence of Movements   System change will be birthed by a convergence of movements. It will not be a matter of either or, it will be a matter for all. We have to continually remind ourselves that our lives and realities are formed by a web of relationships, issues and realities, and that we require diversity of approaches to effectively confront and overcome them – with the diversity of movements coalescing around common organizing principles.   For example, in the case of ecological resurgence, movements can come together using the Precautionary Principle as a pivot. Another basic impulse will be the recognition of the leadership of communities of peoples – especially indigenous women – on the frontlines of ecological defense and system change struggles.   System Change will not be Negotiated   The present fossil-based civilization is running out of gas and its terminal point is imminent – whether planned or not. Our task is to hasten the demise of this destructive system, in which unjust relations are seen as opportunities for amassing profit. This is the time for drastic actions to bring about ecological health for all our communities and relatives on planet Earth.   It is time to change the narrative that we can measure well-being by aggregating gross domestic product. The struggles of First Nation brothers and sisters in North America, the Ogoni in Nigeria’s Niger Delta, the Yasunidos of Ecuador and many others show that the battle can be tough and abrasive. But we have no options: industrial growth societies have been built on the platforms of gross injustice.   Those who benefit from the unjust, disruptive and unsustainable system – the handful of men that have more financial means than billions of men and women – will not listen to logical needs for system change. They have heard it over and over again. It is a system where the poor, no matter how wise, cannot sit at the official negotiation tables. It is a system that believes that, with the right financial means, one can make a dash for safety to another planet if apocalypse happens.   History will judge the present generation very harshly if a transition is not made to a Life-Sustaining Society – a society in which humans and the environment are linked, not ranked. This society will come about only if we stand together with Earth Protectors and denounce the criminalisation of dissent and the constriction of democratic space that is fast becoming the norm.   It is time to speak up and let a thousand solutions bloom. It is no time to be silent. System change will come about when the power of We the People becomes a rallying call and a pivot of action. We the People can redefine energy and own our clean, localised, energy generation and production systems. We the People can reclaim our streams, creeks and rivers and deny industry their privatisation and use as sewers.   As the saying goes: freedom is not something that is given, it is taken. System change will not be negotiated. Change will come as fists burst through the cracks in the pavements just like saplings spring from hardened soils.   * This is an abridged version of the keynote presentation given on February 15, 2017 at the Ecological Challenges Conference 2017, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Nnimmo Bassey is Director of Health of Mother Earth Foundation (www.homef.org), an ecological think tank and advocacy organisation with the head office in Benin City, Nigeria.   http://blog.worldsocialscience.org/system-change-will-not-be-negotiated/ http://newint.org/features/2016/05/01/make-ecocide-a-crime/ http://insideclimatenews.org/news/09022017/climate-change-lawsuit-donald-trump-children http://www.unicef.org/environment/index_60352.html Visit the related web page
	Why has there been no criminal convictions for those responsible for the financial crash by Sen. Elizabeth Warren, Ralph Nader, agencies USA   Why has there been no criminal convictions for those responsible for the financial crash, asks Sen. Elizabeth Warren.   A review of recently released archives shows no Department of Justice criminal prosecutions of Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission (FCIC) referred individuals or companies.   On the eighth anniversary of the Lehman Brothers bankruptcy, United States Senator Elizabeth Warren asked the Department of Justice (DOJ) Office of the Inspector General (OIG) to conduct an investigation into the inability of the DOJ to prosecute any of the individuals referred to the agency by the FCIC for potential law-breaking related to the 2008 financial crisis.   Recently-released documents revealed that the FCIC referred nine individuals and 14 corporations to the DOJ in 2010 based on "serious indications of violations" of federal securities or other laws. But none of these individuals or corporations has been criminally prosecuted.   "The outcome of the referrals by the FCIC to the DOJ represents an abysmal failure. It means that key companies and individuals that were responsible for the financial crisis and were the cause of substantial hardship for millions of Americans faced no criminal charges. This failure is outrageous and baffling, and it requires an explanation," Senator Warren wrote today to the OIG.   The senator''s letter provides details of the FCIC''s referrals and the alleged misconduct by these nine individuals and 14 firms, and calls for an IG investigation of DOJ actions taken in response to the FCIC referrals.   Senator Warren today also wrote to FBI Director James Comey to request that the FBI release its materials related to the investigations and prosecutorial decisions of the companies and individuals named in the FCIC referrals.   The senator''s request comes after Director Comey took the unusual step of releasing records related to the investigation of former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton''s email system, citing "intense public interest."   The senator wrote, "These new standards present a compelling case for public transparency around the fate of the FCIC referrals.. I can think of no matter of ‘intense public interest about which ‘the American people deserve the details than the issue of what precisely happened to the criminal referrals that followed the 2008 crash."   Sep 2016   Senator Elizabeth Warren seeks investigation into the failure to hold those responsible for GFC to account. (Agencies)   "I can think of no matter of intense public interest about which the American people deserve the details'' than the issue of what precisely happened to the criminal referrals that followed the 2008 crash"   In a letter sent to Department of Justice (DOJ) inspector general Michael Horowitz, the Democratic Senator for Massachusetts demanded an investigation into why the DOJ refused to file criminal charges against individuals despite "serious indications of violations'' of federal securities and other laws," uncovered by the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission (FCIC) probe into the causes of the economic crash.   Warren said her staff reviewed thousands of documents recently made public by the FCIC, and identified "11 separate FCIC referrals of individuals or corporations to DOJ in cases where the FCIC found" such evidence. According to Warren, "Nine individuals were implicated in these referrals (two were implicated twice)."   The DOJ, she continued, "has not filed any criminal prosecutions against any of the nine individuals. Not one of the nine has gone to prison or been convicted of a criminal offense. Not a single one has even been indicted or brought to trial."   Further, she notes that her staff review "identified potentially illegal activity at 14 corporations (including five that were implicated in multiple referrals)." Though there were five corporations that reached a settlement with the DOJ, not one was criminally indicted or brought to trial.   Summarizing the letter, financial reporter David Dayen noted that the corporate criminals examined in the FCIC documents included:   ''most of America’s largest banks—Citigroup, Goldman Sachs, JPMorgan Chase, Lehman Brothers, Washington Mutual (now part of JPMorgan), and Merrill Lynch (now part of Bank of America)—along with foreign banking giants UBS, Credit Suisse, and Société Generale, auditor PricewaterhouseCoopers, credit rating agency Moody’s, insurance company AIG, and mortgage giants Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.   The FCIC presented DOJ with evidence that these institutions gave false representations about the loan quality inside mortgage-backed securities; misled credit ratings agencies; overstated assets and earnings in financial disclosures; failed to disclose credit downgrades, subprime exposure and the financial health of their operations to shareholders; and suffered breakdowns in internal company controls. All of these were tied to specific violations of federal law.   And the FCIC named names, specifying nine top-level executives who should be investigated on criminal charges: Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of Fannie Mae, CEO and CFO of AIG, CEO and CFO of Merrill Lynch, and CEO, CFO and Board Chairman of Citigroup''.   "The DOJ''s failure to obtain any criminal convictions of any of the individuals or corporations named in the FCIC referrals suggests that the department has failed to hold the individuals and companies most responsible for the financial crisis and the Great Recession accountable," Warren concludes. "This failure requires an explanation."   Breaking Through Power, by Ralph Nader   One of The Atlantic’s hundred most influential figures in human history, Nader has been instrumental in the founding of scores of citizens groups as well as in the establishment of watchdog agencies including Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the Environment Protection Agency (EPA). In dozens of books since his 1965 Unsafe at Any Speed, Nader has worked to educate and empower consumers. His latest call to action reminds American citizens who have organized and waged successful fights against big businesses and corporate privilege how crucial and powerful democracy is, watch his speech via the link below.   http://www.socialeurope.eu/2016/10/breaking-through-power/ Visit the related web page
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